Which of the following is a contraindication for performing a lumpectomy?

A contraindication for performing a lumpectomy is a previous lumpectomy in the same breast. When a patient has already undergone a lumpectomy, there may be limited options for further breast-conserving surgery due to changes in breast tissue and potential scar tissue formation. Additionally, prior tissue removal may impact the oncological margins, making it difficult to achieve clear margins with a subsequent lumpectomy. This scenario could compromise both the cosmetic outcome and the effectiveness of the surgical approach.

In contrast, the presence of a single cancer site in one breast, a small tumor in a large breast, or non-invasive cancer typically supports the consideration of lumpectomy. These situations may actually make lumpectomy a viable option because they allow for effective tumor removal while aiming to preserve as much breast tissue as possible.