Which structure is known as the lobule containing alveoli in breast anatomy?

The lobule is the correct answer because it refers to the fundamental functional unit of breast tissue, comprised of glandular structures called alveoli. Each lobule has clusters of alveoli that are responsible for the production and secretion of milk during lactation. The alveoli are lined with epithelial cells that synthesize milk and are surrounded by myoepithelial cells, which help in the propulsion of milk into the ducts when contraction occurs.

This structure is critical in mammary physiology, especially during breastfeeding, as it plays a direct role in milk production. Understanding the anatomy and function of lobules, including their capacity to produce and store milk, is essential for anyone studying mammography and breast health. The other structures mentioned, like mammary ducts, lactiferous sinus, and nipple, serve different but related roles in the process of milk transport and delivery but do not contain alveoli directly.